Oral Cancer and What You Should Know

“You have cancer.” No one wants to hear this dreaded statement, of course. Cancer comes in different types since it is a disease of the cells in the body. We have different types of cells in the body and so different types of cancer can arise from those cells. However, all cancer types have something in common: the cancer cells are abnormal and they multiply aggressively.

 

What is mouth cancer?

Mouth cancer is a cancer that can develop in any part of the mouth including the gums, the tongue, the palate (roof of the mouth), under the tongue, and in the skin lining of the mouth, or the lips. It is also known as oral cancer.  It used to be uncommon but nowadays, many cases are diagnosed each year – many of these cases are diagnosed by dentists and dental pathologists rather than doctors.

 

What causes this cancer?

It only takes one abnormal cell to cause a cancerous (malignant) tumour to start. The exact reason as to why a cell becomes cancerous is unclear. Studies say that something alters or damages certain genes in the cell – this makes the cell abnormal and causes it to multiply aggressively. Some people even develop mouth cancer for no apparent reason, but there are certain risk factors that increase the chance of mouth cancer from developing. These are:

 

*Alcohol – Excessive alcohol consumption can increase your risk of developing mouth cancer.

*Smoking – Just like other cancers, mouth cancer has a much higher incidence in smokers compared to non-smokers. This is also applicable for those who chew tobacco.

*Poor dental hygiene

*The human papillomavirus (HPV) might increase your risk of mouth cancer

*Dietary factors – eating a well-balanced diet that is high in vegetables, fruits and fish, and low in cholesterol can reduce the risk of oral cancer

 

What are its symptoms?

The most common symptom of this type of cancer would be a sore or ulcer in the mouth that does not heal.  In some cases, changes are seen in the mouth even before the cancer develops.  This means that early treatment of these changes might prevent a cancer from developing. Other symptoms include:

*Red or white patches anywhere in your mouth

*A lump on the lip, mouth, tongue or throat

*Unusual bleeding or numbness in the mouth

*Pain when chewing or swallowing

*Loose teeth feeling uncomfortable and not fitting properly

*Weight loss

*A lump in the neck

*Change in your voice or speech problems

Note: Of course, all of these symptoms could be innocent and might be directly linked to other conditions.  Any ulcer or sore that does not heal after three weeks should be checked and examined by Dr. Marvin Lean or one of his Associates at Pickering Square Dental.  Schedule up an appointment with Dr. Marvin Lean if you are experiencing any of these symptoms.  .

 

 

Which Mouthwash Should You Use?

There are different types of mouthwash available in the market today; breath-freshener, antibacterial, fluoridated, etc. The big question is, which one should you be using? Here are some tips on choosing the right type of mouthwash for you and your family:

 

For Bad Breath or Gum Disease Concerns

If this is the case, a mouthwash with an antibacterial formula is the best one to use. This type of mouthwash fights bad breath, gingivitis and plaque. Products that contain eucalyptol, thymol, menthol, and methyl salicylate are over-the-counter antibacterial mouthwashes that are effective in reducing plaque and gum disease. Antibacterial formulas are said to reduce bacteria counts in the mouth by an average of 75 percent.

 

 

 

For Bad Breath Concerns

For those whose only concern would be bad breath but not necessarily gum disease or tooth decay, breath-freshening mouthwash is the best option as this neutralizes odours. Studies show that zinc and chlorine, the primary ingredients in these rinses, defuse foul-smelling sulphur compounds that are produced by bacteria. Other products contain a germicide called cetylpyridinium – this has anti-gingivitis (gum disease-fighting), and antiplaque benefits. Breath-freshening mouthwashes are known to be easier on the taste buds since they have lower alcohol contents. However, these rinses are not as effective as antibacterial rinses in terms of counteracting gingivitis and plaque.

 

For Gingivitis or Periodontitis Concerns

In this case, a prescription mouthwash that fights gingivitis-causing germs may be th best choice for you. Clinical studies have shown that chlorhexidine, an active ingredient in prescription mouthwashes, has much stronger antibacterial properties than those ingredients found in over-the-counter brands.  An important caution: chlorhexidine can stain teeth. Mouthwashes containing this ingredient are prescription-only and, will likely go hand in hand being monitored by your dental professional.

 

For Cavity Concerns

For this case, mouthwashes that contain fluoride, a mineral naturally found in water and soil, is the best choice. This will coat the teeth with a protective film that will strengthen the enamel of the teeth, making it more resistant to tooth decay. Fluoride is the only mouthwash ingredient that has been proven to prevent cavities, but it does not protect the teeth from gum disease.

Children whom are decay prone or, having orthodontic care are often encouraged to use this type of rinse.

Antibacterial ingredients are not compatible with fluoride, unfortunately. This is one of the reasons why it is difficult to have an all-in-one mouthwash.   Parents need to monitor children closely when using mouthwashes as to not ingest only rinse and spit.

 

For an elaborate explanation, it is best to have a one-on-one talk with Dr. Marvin Lean or a member of the Team at Pickering Square Dental. He will help you decide on which mouthwash would be the best one for you and your current oral health status.

 

The Importance of Brushing and Flossing

Ever since we were young, we have always taught how important brushing and flossing our teeth are. Despite the many reminders, we still, at times, forget to maintain a proper healthy oral routine. Here are a few reminders on the importance of these two acts:

Brushing Our Teeth
Plaque is a colourless film of bacteria that coats your teeth if you do not brush them properly and on a regular basis. Plaque contributes to tooth decay and gum diseases. Brushing the teeth stops plaque from building up. When you brush your teeth, you are also helping your mouth smell fresh and clean. It is never enough to just chew gum and it definitely does not kill any bacteria. People who do not brush their teeth on a regular basis are more prone to having tooth loss and other dental problems.

Proper Way of Brushing the Teeth
When brushing the teeth, make sure that you brush all the surfaces of your teeth – in total, it should take you no less than about two minutes. It is a must to brush the inner and outer tooth surfaces, as well as the chewing surfaces of your teeth. Children should be supervised when brushing their teeth until they are at least seven years old. It is important to spit out any excess toothpaste after brushing. Using a mouthwash that contains fluoride can be an aid in preventing tooth decay, but do not use it immediately after brushing your teeth. Doing so, washes away the concentrated fluoride in the toothpaste left on your teeth.

Flossing the Teeth
Flossing is an act that is often neglected but is a vital part in maintaining proper dental health. By flossing daily, you can remove plaque that is stuck between your teeth. This is an area that cannot be reached by your toothbrush. Unless the plaque is removed from this area, it can contribute to the build-up of tartar, cavities and other dental concerns. Flossing is also one of the things that most people do not enjoy doing. It’s something that is so easy to do, yet equally easy to neglect and put-off. Just like toothbrushes, dental flosses come in different sizes, types and flavours and worth finding one that each family member likes.

Proper Way of Flossing the Teeth
Flossing is not just for dislodging the food wedged between your teeth and plaque. It helps in reducing bad breath and gum diseases by removing plaque that forms along and under the gum line. The best time to floss is before brushing the teeth. Take 12-18 inches (30-45cm) of floss and grasp it so you have a couple of inches between your hands. Slip the floss between the teeth and into the areas between your teeth and gums – as far as it will go without forcing it. Floss with 8-10 strokes, up and down between each tooth, to dislodge plaque and food.

Maintain a healthy oral routine now in order to avoid more complex dental conditions and issues in the future!

Are You Taking Care of Your Tongue?

You might be conscious when it comes to your teeth and gums and the routine for brushing and flossing, but is it the same with your tongue? Our tongue is a pretty awesome part of our mouth. It not only helps us chew our food, speakclearly, but it also plays an important role in our dental and overall health. If we fail to take care of our tongue, it can create some serious dental concerns. Read on to know more about the tongue.

 

A Little Background

Our tongue is home to over 10,000 taste buds and it is often the most exposed area to most bacteria and acid. Each tiny taste bud and all the other bumps (papillae) and dips we can feel and see on the tongue’s surface make a great place for both bacteria and acid to hide.

 

Why It Should Be Taken Care Of

The tongue is in constant contact with our teeth. If the tongue is not clean or worse, teeming with bacteria, all of the bacteria will be transferred right onto your teeth. When this happens, the chance for tooth decay greatly increases. If you have a clean tongue, it also leads to better-tasting meals. It is true that bad breath can be caused by many different things, but cleaning your tongue is one great way to help keep your breath smelling fresh. Remember that trapped germs on the tongue can lead to bad breath and it can also affect your sense of taste. Overgrowth of bacteria can turn your tongue white, yellow or even black.

 

How to Take Care of It

Each time you brush your teeth, spare a few extra seconds for brushing your tongue. Simply stick out your tongue and gently scrub it with your toothbrush. Try to reach right to the back of your tongue. If this triggers your gag reflex, don’t give up… the trick is to keep trying. Eventually, your gag reflex will ease up. If you really find it difficult and uncomfortable to brush your tongue, you are not alone. Many people will say this is true for them. An alternative cleaning solution would be with the help of a tongue scraper. This tool gently removes bacteria from the surface of the tongue and it is easier to use for those people who have sensitive gag reflexes. It even comes in various shapes and sizes. Make it a habit to clean your tongue thoroughly.

 

Special Cases

If a tongue has been neglected for a long time, it may be coated and crusty. Sometimes this is seen in people who have problems with physical dexterity or those who rely on others for their oral care, or are mouth breathers. People that   take certain medications that dry the mouth are more likely to have a coated tongue. If your tongue is too dry when you try to scrape it, you might be damaging the tissue. Try brushing instead after cleaning your teeth – this way, the mouth is still moist.

 

If you have any concerns with your tongue, gums and teeth, have your mouth checked to avoid more complex problems. Contact Dr. Marvin Lean and his team to book an appointment.

 

 

What Laser Dentistry Can Improve

Since 1994, lasers have been used in the field of dentistry to treat a number of dental problems. These lasers are not similar to the ones used in phototherapy for the relief of headaches, inflammation and pain. Laser dentistry can be a precise and effective way to perform a number of dental procedures. Here are some of the oral conditions that can be improved with the help of a laser:

 

Tooth Decay

Cavities, referred to as tooth decay, which occurs when certain types of bacteria produce acid that destroys the tooth’s enamel. Lasers are used to remove tooth decay as well as prepare the surrounding enamel to receive the filling.

 

Lesion Removal

Small lesions can be in the form of; canker sores, cold sores or mouth ulcers, and they usually develop in the mouth or at the base of the gums. They can make drinking, eating and talking uncomfortable. Lasers are also used to remove lesions in the mouth to relieve the pain of canker sores. Lasers can also be used to remove a small piece of tissue (biopsy) so that it can be examined further too if necessary.

Gum Disease

Our mouths are full of bacteria that can form a colourless, sticky ‘plaque’ on the teeth. Brushing and flossing do help get rid of plaque, but plaque that isn’t removed can harden and form ‘tartar’. When this worsens, you can develop gum disease. Lasers are also used to reshape gums and to remove bacteria during a root canal procedure.

 

Teeth Whitening

Our teeth, over the years, can get discolouration due to the foods and drinks we ingest. Tooth- whitening lightens the teeth and helps to remove stains and discolouration that cannot be removed by simply brushing the teeth. Lasers can also be used to speed up in-office teeth whitening procedures.

 

 

If you are somewhat of an anxious dental patient, the ease and comfort of the laser might just be what you are looking for. For Laser information, please consult Dr. Marvin Lean or a team member at Pickering Square Dental, as he has incorporated laser dentistry techniques into his practices and treatments over the years. For a complete list of conditions treated by laser dentistry, it is also best to set an appointment with Dr. Marvin Lean and his team for a more in-depth discussion on your dental concerns. 

Junk Food and What It Does to Our Teeth

Some people find it difficult to quit eating junk food completely – and this goes without saying.  Some foods that we consume on a daily basis can cause enamel erosion that leads to increased teeth sensitivity to cold, hot, sour and sweet. If a person’s oral hygiene with proper brushing and flossing is not maintained dental enamel damage may result with teeth likely to develop a cavity..

 

Acidic Foods

Although lemons are healthy, using them as a home remedy for whitening teeth might not be the best move as they might be very harmful to the teeth. After eating lemons, tomatoes, oranges and grapefruit, the teeth should be rinsed with plain water thoroughly.

 

Long-Lasting, Sticky Sweets

Hard candies tend to stick and cling to the surfaces of your teeth. Hard candies can also take a long time to dissolve – making them harmful to the teeth too. Hard sweets can also crack a tooth when you bite into them. It isn’t about the amount of sugar that is damaging, but how often the intake is and, how long the sugars are left on or, in between teeth or in your saliva.

 

Starchy Foods

We tend to consume a lot of starchy junk food without even knowing their after effects. White bread, pizza, potato chips, burgers, and pasta can easily get lodged in-between the teeth and the crevices. Even though they are not sweet nor sugary, starchy foods can be converted into sugar almost immediately because of the digestive process that begins in our mouths. The sugar might cause our enamel to decalcify leading to tooth decay.

 

Sports Drinks and Sodas

Sugary drinks like sports drinks and other carbonated beverages are bad for the teeth especially if consumed regularly. Soft drinks are loaded with phosphoric and citric acids that erode the enamel of the teeth. These beverages are also the leading source of added sugar in both children and adolescent diets. Sipping on a sugary beverage for hours is harmful because the high sugar content in drinks is bad for both our teeth and body.

 

Dried Fruits

Munching on dried fruits instead of fresh ones might also be harmful for the teeth because of the concentrated sugar content and stickiness they possess. Examples of dried fruits are dried prunes, raisins and apricots. Parts of them easily adhere to teeth and the sugar in them promotes bacteria growth in the mouth, leading to the erosion of tooth enamel.

 

If you are seeing signs of damaged teeth as a result of eating too much junk foods, consult Dr. Lean. D. Lean and his team can handle all types of oral conditions. It’s best to take care of your teeth now rather than later. 

Gingivitis: What You Need to Know

Gingivitis is the most common form of gum disease but the good news is: it’s reversible and, preventable.  Find out everything you need to know about this oral medical condition here:

 

What It Is

Gingivitis is an early form of gum disease that can easily be detected and caught because it causes the gums to become red and puffy or swollen. When you are brushing or flossing your teeth, gingivitis sometimes may cause discomfort and bleeding, however, it is not usually painful. If left untreated, it can be a precursor to a more serious oral condition called periodontitis – this contributes to gum decay and bone and tooth loss. Beyond that, periodontitis is also associated with chronic health conditions such as heart and lung diseases as well as diabetes to name a few.  Gingivitis is not the worst oral condition, but clearly addressing and treating it quickly will aid in avoiding having more serious problems.

 

Causes

Plaque, a combination of the leftover particles from food and drinks you consume within the day, can cause gingivitis. If you don’t practice proper oral habits, plaque build-up, in the form of an unpleasant, sticky film, will cling to your teeth and gums. Plaque can be removed by flossing and brushing your teeth, but if you do not do it regularly and, with proper technique, plaque hardens into a rough substance called tartar. Tartar is a breeding ground for bacteria and once it gathers in your mouth, it can easily infect your gums.

 

Symptoms

Since gingivitis affects the gums, it results in irritation, puffy/swollen, redness and bleeding in the gums – especially when brushing and flossing. Other symptoms may include; tooth sensitivity, pain as well as bad breath.  Some people do not experience discomfort in the early stages, but as the condition progresses symptoms may become more noticeable. Since the symptoms are mild, some people are not made aware that they have this condition.  Together with regular dental examinations and professional dental hygiene visits with our Dental Professionals here at Pickering Dental we can closely monitor and treat this condition.

 

Predisposing Factors

These factors are likely to increase one’s chances of developing gingivitis:

*Diabetes

*Tobacco chewing or smoking

*Certain medications (oral contraceptives)

*Genetics

*Pregnancy

*Crooked teeth

*Autoimmune diseases

 

A study also shows that there is a link between gingivitis and heart disease. With that said, gingivitis may lead to more than just periodontitis.

 

Treatments

The most effective way to prevent gingivitis from developing is by maintaining healthy oral habits such as regular brushing and flossing and, simply monitoring by examination if you have this disease. A healthy diet and lifestyle also help in preventing gingivitis from occurring. You may also use an anti-bacterial mouthwash that is beneficial in keeping the gums healthy and strong. Gingivitis might cause bleeding, receding gums leading to bone loss. If you notice these signs, it is best to consult Dr. Lean and his team. Gum disease treatments involve a thorough cleaning and removing as much plaque and buildup.   

Take the Perfect Selfie with Sparkling Whites & Bright Smile

Nowadays, almost everyone is taking their own portraits – better known as ‘selfies’. If you are fond of taking photos of yourself, don’t you want to have a perfect smile to go with your photos? Here are some tips on how to keep your teeth picture-perfect:

 

Brush and Floss Properly

It’s surprising to know that some adults grow old and never learn how to brush and floss properly. Even if you do brush and floss daily, but your techniques are wrong, then your teeth and gums will not get the maximum care and protection that they need to become stronger and healthier. An expert said that the more you floss, the tougher your gums become – even if flossing hurts or makes your gums bleed at first.

 

Stop Smoking

A study by the American Dental Association states that smokers get periodontal disease at two to three times more the rate of non-smokers. This is why it’s important to stop this bad habit immediately. Smokers do not heal as fast as non-smokers following a treatment for gum infections. If you want your teeth and gums to be stronger and healthier and to have less risk for periodontal diseases, it’s best to quit smoking.

 

Stay Away from Caffeinated and Carbonated Drinks

Just like smoking cigarettes, drinking caffeinated drinks also damages your perfect smile and pearly whites. Why? These drinks are loaded with high-acid content. Did you know that acid weakens tooth enamel and makes it softer? After drinking these beverages, make sure that you rinse your mouth with clean water. It would be better if you can brush and floss immediately after drinking too!

 

See Your Dentist Regularly

As we get older, the busier we also get. A hectic schedule should never be an excuse to miss out on your dental appointments and maintaining your optimal overall healthcare. No matter how busy you are, it is essential that you still make time for your dentist. It cannot be reiterated enough, the importance of regular dental visits. If you follow your schedule, the dentist will be able to detect serious illnesses at an earlier time.

 

Get Rid of Grinding

If you have a habit of grinding or clenching your teeth – get rid of it as soon as possible. Even if you are stressed out or upset, keep in mind that this habit causes excessive wear and tear of teeth. Your dentist will be able to tell if you have been grinding your teeth because areas of the tooth enamel will be smooth. If you have this habit, Dr. Marvin Lean and our Team of Health Care provideres can recommend a night mouth guard for you to use when sleeping.

 

For the perfect set of teeth, have Dr. Lean and his team of experts take a look at your teeth and gums. It is best to have a team of trusted professionals to take care of something as important as your teeth. 

Oral Care in the Elderly

As we get older, several oral conditions that were not present when we were younger might develop. These are as follows:

 

*Dry Mouth – This can result from physical changes our body goes through as it ages. However, this can also be caused by certain medications. This increases the risk for oral disease since saliva helps kill bacteria and rebuild enamel.

 

*Gum Disease – Manual Dexterity issues, regular visits year round addressing travel issues to the office too.

 

*Root Decay – This is often accompanied by gum disease and might lead to an increased rated of decay as we age.

 

*Attrition – This is basically the wear and tear that many years of chewing and grinding has brought upon. When the enamel of our teeth wears down, the risk for cavities increases.

 

*Darkened Teeth – This is caused by a lifetime consumption of stain-causing foods and beverages. It might also be caused by the thinning of the outer enamel layer that lets the darker, yellower dentin show through.

 

*Loss Sense of Taste – Advancing age impairs the sense of taste. Medications, diseases and dentures also contribute to this sensory loss.

 

*Uneven Jawbone – This is caused by tooth growth and not replacing missing teeth, allowing the rest of the teeth to drift and shit into available spaces.

 

*Denture-Induced Stomatitis – This is caused by ill-fitting dentures and poor dental hygiene, as well as the build-up of the fungus Candida Albicans. This is the inflammation of the tissue underlying a denture.

 

Proper Oral Care

Increase Oral Hydration

If you are taking any maintenance medications, ask your doctor if there is any substitute for your medication – one that doesn’t produce dry mouth. If this is not a possible option, drink plenty of water and avoid alcohol as this tends to dehydrate the body. You may also chew a sugar-free gum.

 

Increase Fluoridation

It is best to switch to fluoride toothpaste. You may also choose to incorporate fluoride rinse into your daily routine. This helps in adding prevention of plaque build-up and reducing the bacteria in your mouth.

 

Avoid Tobacco

Tobacco, in any form, has been linked to an increased risk for mouth and throat cancer, as well as heart disease and other serious conditions. Chewing tobacco even leads to more decay as many tobacco formulations contain sugar.

 

Brush and Floss Regularly

Prevention is better than cure – this has never been truer when it comes to your oral health. Since the elderly tend to be at more risk for infections, it is essential that you adhere to brushing and flossing your teeth regularly.

 

Regular Dental Visits

The more you age, the more important it is to not miss out any medical or dental appointment. Dr. Marvin Lean and his team will help detect any oral diseases early if you are able to visit them regularly. This definitely helps in ensuring that your oral health is in an optimal state. 

What To Do When Your Child Has a Dental Emergency

Children, especially the younger ones, are prone to accidents. Since their reflexes are not as quick as teenagers’ or adults’, they tend to damage their teeth when they fall face-flat on the ground. As parents or guardians, we don’t want to see them in pain.  However, dental emergencies are unavoidable at this point in their lives, so we should be ready should such instances arise.

 

Knocked-Out Tooth (Dental Avulsion)

If your child’s tooth had been knocked-out of his or her mouth completely, it is best to contact Pickering Square Dental immediately. Time is an important factor in saving a tooth. Dentists, in general, do not attempt to re-implant primary (baby) teeth because the procedure itself might cause damage to the tooth bud. While you are not with Dr. Marvin Lean and his team, it is best to recover the tooth. Be careful not to touch the root, just handle the crown carefully. Gently rinse off the tooth with water but do not scrub the tooth. Keep the tooth wet ( a glass of milk is ideal) during transportation as moisture is important for the tooth to be re-implanted successfully.

 

Toothache

This is common in children of all ages and it rarely occurs without cause. If pain persists, give us a call. Some common causes of toothache are tooth decay, tooth trauma, tooth fractures, and wisdom teeth eruption (for adolescents). You can help your child relieve the pain by cleansing the area using warm water. It is best to hold off medication if you haven’t seen your dentist. Apply cold compress to the affected area in order to reduce the swelling.

 

Dental Intrusion

When a child gets into an accident and causes dental trauma, this might force a tooth (or several teeth) upwards into the jawbone. The force of trauma could be great enough to injure the tooth’s ligament, and fracturing its socket. It’s important to rinse your child’s mouth with cold water and apply cold compress around the affected areas to reduce swelling. Make sure to call us right away to completely relieve your child of the pain.

 

Tooth Displacement (Extrusion, Luxation, Lateral Displacement)

Tooth displacement depends on how the tooth is angled following the trauma. Extrusion implicates that the tooth has become partly removed from its socket. Dental treatment should be sought for permanent teeth that have been displaced in order to attempt whenever possible to save the tooth as well as prevent infection. Apply cold, moist compress on the affected area and offer pain relief that has been approved by paediatricians.

 

Broken Tooth

Dr. Marvin Lean and our Professional Dental Team can easily assess the severity of a fracture by the use of dental X-rays. If there are any changes in tooth color, this indicates an emergency warning sign. While you are on your way to our office, make sure to apply cold, moist compress on the affected area to reduce swelling.  Do not wait another day to have this looked by the dentist.

 

There are other dental emergencies that your child can experience. Make sure to consult us right away to prevent any further damage or infection from developing. We here at Pickering Square Dental and serve Durham and surrounding areas for their Emergency Dental needs.